心情 一个问题（忒修斯之船相关）

[吹雪吹雪吹]

G h o s t  I n  T h e  S h e l l

老实说，我觉得对于“人类”这个生物体，主要还是根据brain来区分，意识的来源与载体相对于一般的部件来说具有更崇高的地位，甚至可以再具体一些，到大脑和间脑，鉴于小脑和脑干一般不认为与意识有关，这些部件被替换我认为也是无关紧要的。只要思维的载体仍然存在，即使他开的是高达也应当被认为是人类。

相对来说，“人类的意识”这个定义更要死一些。大约只能采取属人原则——来自于人类受精卵发育产生的意识能作为人类意识，而其他形式产生的意识只能算为“类人意识”。不过按这个定义，体外干细胞克隆人是不具有人类意识的——他并非来自于受精卵，也并未在子宫内发育。而即使人类死亡，将意识上传到网络，它依然是人类意识

[吹雪吹雪吹]

8 小时前, dawnk 说道:

Indeed, a good question. To look at this matter at another point of view, if a robot or a dog has the intelligence level and moral values of a typical human being, can they be considered as human? I think the answer from most people is no. Why? What are they missing? It certainly can be viewed as they don't possess crucial "human element". 

But how should we define this "human element"? Is it the brain? The genes? Or a specific series of events from fertilization to death that defines a human being?

Just for a reference, a natural person is defined as an individual of human being, which surpassingly, meant that to be a person in law, you would need to bear genes of a human being, or in other words, you need to be a homo sapiens. 

But this raises the question that whether former human being whom no long possesses the human genes, or only partial human genes, should be considered as a human. This would be the question with gene therapies and possibility designer babies, which are not that far away from our lives.  Certainly, it would be reasonable to consider these cases as they were actual human beings. But the question is, how far would it go before a living being with partial human genes will be no longer considered a human being?  "How far is too far?" is the question that is being asked here, really.

Suppose we have a human with some of its organ or body parts replaced with artificial ones, and we keep replacing more and more of them, until to a point where its barely considered as a human being, would should we make the call? Some would be argue that it should be the brains, some would be argue that it should be the appearances, some would draw the line at a specific percentage of artificial parts. The varieties in answers demonstrated that there is no real borderline between a human and a non-human that is commonly aggreged on. 

But one thing is clear, that is to be considered as a human being, you would need to be defined as a member of the homo sapiens species to start with. No one would considered a half-dog half-man being as human. And certainly not a robot with human intelligence. 

So although the line between non-human and humans can be blurry, there is certainly a requirement to make a human being a human being, which is being a human, at least at the very start. 

留学久了，中文都不会说了，打了半天狗屁不通，只好英文说了。

推荐楼主去看电影机器管家,跟你的问题是反着来的

老兄英文不错，简单易懂。俺读完全没问题，但写英文论文就很要死，留学的语言环境看来还是很重要的……